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![]() One-year-old totoabas are metabolically most efficient in brackish water of about 20 parts per thousand (ppt) salinity, a level that occurred naturally in the delta before the diversion of water from the river that occurred in the middle of the 20th century. ![]() ![]() The adult population migrates to the Colorado delta in April and May to spawn. Larval and juvenile stages occupy the Colorado delta, while the adult breeding population lives for most of the year in deeper water towards the middle of the Gulf of California. The totoaba population is found in two distinct groups. The totoaba spawn in the Colorado River Delta, which also serves as a nursery for the young fish. As totoabas spawn only once a year, population growth is slow, with a minimum population doubling time of 4.5 to 15 years. Individuals may live up to 15 years, but sexual maturity is usually not reached until the fish are 6–7 years old. The totoabas' diet consists of finned fish and crustaceans. The totoaba can grow up to 2 m (6.6 ft) in length and 100 kg (220 lb) in weight, making it the largest species in the drum family, together with the similar-sized Chinese bahaba ( Bahaba taipingensis) and meagre ( Argyrosomus regius). ![]() It is also listed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as vulnerable, by NatureServe as critically imperiled and under the U.S. Formerly abundant and subject to an intensive fishery, the totoaba has become rare, and is listed by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora under Appendix I. It is the only species in the genus Totoaba. The totoaba or totuava ( Totoaba macdonaldi) is a species of marine fish, a very large member of the drum family Sciaenidae that is endemic to the Gulf of California in Mexico. ![]()
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